When discussing malocclusion in children, we're referring to the alignment of their upper and lower teeth. Ideally, teeth should align perfectly when the jaws close, much like fitting puzzle pieces. However, when this alignment is off, we encounter what is known as a 'bite malalignment' or malocclusion. This misalignment can vary in type and severity, affecting not only aesthetics but also the functionality of the mouth. Here's a closer look at some common forms of malocclusions, explained in simple terms:
Crowding: this is the most common type of malocclusion, characterized by insufficient space in the dental arch. This causes teeth to align imperfectly, leading to overlaps.
Deep bite: Here, the upper front teeth excessively cover the lower front teeth, which can lead to gum issues and wear on the lower teeth.
Open bite: this is the opposite of a deep bite, there is a noticeable gap between the upper and lower front teeth when the mouth is closed.
Cross bite: this occurs when the upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth, which can happen in the back, in the front or both sections of the mouth.
Increased overjet: Commonly known as “bunny teeth,” this is when the upper teeth protrude significantly beyond the lower teeth.
Class III malocclusion: often associated with the names ‘underbite’ and ‘anterior cross bite’, this is when the lower teeth extend past to the upper teeth, often accompanied by a pronounced chin.
Solutions and Early Intervention
Each of these alignment issues can affect how your child chews, speaks, breath and even how they feel about their smile. The good news is that with early detection and intervention, these problems can be effectively addressed. Dentists and orthodontists can use interceptive appliances, such as Shapers, to guide teeth to the correct position, ensuring a healthy, functional bite and a confident smile. A correct diagnosis always requires a clinical assessment by a dental professional and an x-rays examination.
Closing Thoughts
In conclusion, understanding malocclusions and their implications is crucial for ensuring the oral health and well-being of children. Spotting early signs of a malocclusion is easy, and it is simply a good idea to start assessing a child’s dental health as early as at 6 years of age.